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Euratom research activities differ from those in other programmes in that they are carried out under a separate treaty. The European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) - set up in 1957 - is legally separate from the European Community (EC). The Member States and the Community institutions are the same under both treaties. Although Member States retain most competencies in energy policy, whether based on nuclear or other sources, the Euratom Treaty has achieved an important degree of harmonisation at European level. It legislates for a number of specific tasks for the management of nuclear resources and research activities: - to promote research and ensure the dissemination of technical information;
- to establish uniform safety standards and ensure their application;
- to facilitate investment and ensure the establishment of the basic installations necessary for the development of nuclear energy in the EU;
- to ensure that all users in the EU receive a regular and equitable supply of ores and nuclear fuels;
- to prevent civil nuclear materials from being diverted to other (particularly military) purposes;
- to foster progress in the peaceful use of nuclear energy by working with other countries and international organisations;
- to establish joint undertakings (such as JET and the future agency for managing the Euratom contribution to ITER).
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